Bronze is a general term for any alloy of copper and tin, although it can also include small quantities of other metals such as phosphorus, aluminium, silicon etc. It is very strong and tough, is easily cast and worked and shows low friction and good resistance to corrosion. These properties mean that bronze has myriad uses in industry. Phosphor bronze (PB102) contains 5% tin and some phosphorus to increase strength and is also known as CuSn5, CW451K (European) or C51000/CDA510 (US). PB104 contains 8% tin and is also known as CuSn8, CW453K (European) or C52100/CDA521 (US).

Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, toxic, bluish-white metal. It is used in batteries, low melting alloys, low friction bearings, elctroplating, nuclear fission moderators, etc.

Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, toxic, bluish-white metal. It is used in batteries, low melting alloys, low friction bearings, elctroplating, nuclear fission moderators, etc.

Constantan is a copper/nickel resistance alloy usually containing 55-60% copper. It has a moderate resistivity and low temperature coefficient of resistance over a wider temperature range than Manganin®. Constantan also shows better corrosion resistance. Constantan is used in heating elements and as the negative element of type J thermocouples (iron being the positive) and type T thermocouples (OFHC copper being the positive).

Constantan is a copper/nickel resistance alloy usually containing 55-60% copper. It has a moderate resistivity and low temperature coefficient of resistance over a wider temperature range than Manganin®. Constantan also shows better corrosion resistance. Constantan is used in heating elements and as the negative element of type J thermocouples (iron being the positive) and type T thermocouples (OFHC copper being the positive).

Constantan is a copper/nickel resistance alloy usually containing 55-60% copper. It has a moderate resistivity and low temperature coefficient of resistance over a wider temperature range than Manganin®. Constantan also shows better corrosion resistance. Constantan is used in heating elements and as the negative element of type J thermocouples (iron being the positive) and type T thermocouples (OFHC copper being the positive).